Damin Won*, Jaehwan Kim*†
* School of Mechanical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology
원다민* · 김재환*†
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In this study, a soft actuator that responds to both electric and magnetic stimuli was fabricated This was achieved by laser strip-patterning an NdFeB-PDMS composite (1–3 mm pitch), embedding the patterned strips in a Nafion ionic polymer matrix, and subsequently coating both sides with PEDOT:PSS electrodes. The specimen with a 3 mm pitch exhibited an average peak-to-peak displacement of 1.60 mm under a ±1 V, 0.1 Hz sinusoidal input, while a standalone permanent magnet located 20 mm away (≈ 30 mT) induced an immediate 2 mm bend. Sequential application of electro-magnetic actuation enabled the on-demand reversal of the bending direction. When the strip orientation was set to 45°, a torsional component was introduced, yielding programmable two-degrees-of-freedom motion. These findings demonstrate that large, reversible deformation can be achieved under low-voltage (≤ 1 V) and low-magnetic-field (≤ 30 mT) conditions. Consequently, the proposed electro-magnetic hybrid design presents a promising actuation platform for next-generation bio-inspired robots, active photonic components, and wearable haptic devices.
NdFeB-PDMS 복합재를 레이저로 스트립(1–3 mm) 형상 패터닝한 뒤 Nafion 이온성 고분자에 매립하고, PEDOT:PSS 전극을 양면 도포하여 전기·자기 응답형 소프트 액추에이터를 제작하였다. 3 mm 피치 시편은 ±1 V, 0.1 Hz 입력에서 평균 1.60 mm의 peak-to-peak 변위를 보였으며, 20 mm 떨어진 30 mT 영구자석만으로도 약 2 mm 즉각 굽힘이 발생하였다. 전기·자기 자극을 순차 인가하면 소프트 액추에이터의 굽힘 방향을 즉시 반전할 수 있었고, 스트립 배향각을 45°로 설정하면 비틀림이 더해져 2자유도 모션이 구현되었다. 1 V 이하·30 mT 이하의 저전압·저자기장 조건에서 큰 변위와 방향성 제어가 가능함을 확인하여, 제안된 구조가 생체 모사 로봇, 능동 광학, 웨어러블 촉각 장치용 전기·자기 하이브리드 구동 플랫폼으로 유용함을 제시한다.
Keywords: 전기활성(Electroactive), 자기활성(Magnetoactive), 소프트 액추에이터(Soft actuator), 복합재(Composites), 레이저 패터닝(Laser patterning)
This Article2025; 38(3): 257-262
Published on Jun 30, 2025
Correspondence toSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology