Ji Hye Sung*, Jeongjun Park**† , Dong Seop Jeong*, Ilhwan You***, Hee Up Lee**, Seung-Jung Lee*†
* Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University
** Principal Researcher, Korea Railroad Research Institute
*** Assistant Professor, Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Jeonbuk National University
성지혜* · 박정준**† · 정동섭* · 유일환*** · 이희업** · 이승정*†
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This study experimentally evaluates the applicability of conductive grout incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an embedded self-sensing system for detecting water infiltration in ground structures. The conductive grouts were prepared with water-to-cement (W/C) ratio and MWCNTs content as the main variables, and their injectability was evaluated under both unsaturated and saturated ground conditions. As a result, the mixture with a W/C ratio of 3.0 and 1.0% MWCNTs under saturated Jumunjin sand was found to achieve the most favorable injectability. Based on the selected mix proportion, sensing performance was experimentally analyzed according to different electrode types, spacings, and depths. The incorporation of MWCNTs enhanced the sensing sensitivity and enabled earlier detection of water infiltration, with copper plate electrodes showing the highest responsiveness. Electrode spacing and depth were also identified as additional parameters affecting sensing performance. These results demonstrate that conductive grout can serve as a self-diagnosing material capable of real-time monitoring of water infiltration in ground structures, and suggest its potential applicability in self-sensing and structural health monitoring systems.
본 연구에서는 다중벽 탄소나노튜브(MWCNTs)를 혼입한 전도성 그라우트를 활용하여 지반 구조물 내 수분 침투를 감지할 수 있는 자가 감지 시스템의 적용 가능성을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 전도성 그라우트는 물/시멘트비(W/C)와 MWCNTs의 혼입비를 주요 변수로 제작되었으며, 비포화 및 포화 지반 조건에서 그라우트의 주입성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 포화된 주문진사 조건에서 W/C 3.0 및 MWCNTs 1.0%의 조합이 가장 양호한 주입성을 나타내었다. 선정된 전도성 그라우트의 배합 조건을 기반으로 전극의 형태, 간격, 깊이에 따른 수분 감지 성능을 실험적으로 분석하였다. MWCNTs 혼입은 수분 감지 민감도를 높이고 감지 시점을 앞당기는 효과를 보였으며, 구리판 전극 사용 시 반응성이 가장 우수하였다. 전극 간격과 깊이는 감지 성능에 추가적 영향을 미치는 변수로 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 전도성 그라우트가 구조물 내 수분 침투를 실시간으로 감지할 수 있는 자가 진단형 재료로 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 지반 구조물의 자가 감지 및 모니터링 기술로의 적용 가능성을 제안하였다.
Keywords: 다중벽 탄소나노튜브(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes), 전도성(Electrical conductivity), 그라우트(Grout), 주입 실험(Injection test), 수분 침투(Water Infiltration)
This Article2025; 38(4): 403-413
Published on Aug 31, 2025
Correspondence to* Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University
** Principal Researcher, Korea Railroad Research Institute