Special Issue
  • Thiourea-derived Sulfur Doping of Vertical Graphene on Nanofibers for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

  • Jii Song*, Myung-In Kim*, Ji Won Suk**†

  • * Department of Smart Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University
    ** School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Smart Fab. Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University

  • 티오우레아 유래 황 도핑을 통한 수직그래핀 나노섬유의 수소발생반응 개선

  • 송지이* · 김명인* · 석지원**†

  • This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References
  • 1. Lee, Y., Cho, S., and Seo, Y., “Realizing 2050 Net-zero in South Korea: From adaptive reduction to proactive response,” Futures, Vol. 154, 2023, 103267.
  •  
  • 2. Carmo, M., Fritz, D. L., Mergel, J., and Stolten, D., “A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 38, No. 12, 2013, pp. 4901-4934.
  •  
  • 3. Seh, Z. W., Kibsgaard, J., Dickens, C. F., Chorkendorff, I. B., Nørskov, J. K., and Jaramillo, T. F., “Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design,” Science, Vol. 355, No. 6321, 2017, eaad4998.
  •  
  • 4. Fei, H., Dong, J., Feng, Y., Allen, C. S., Wan, C., Volosskiy, B., ... and Huang, Y., “General synthesis and definitive structural identification of MN4C4 single-atom catalysts with tunable electrocatalytic activities,” Nature Catalysis, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018, pp. 63-72.
  •  
  • 5. Fei, H., Dong, J., Chen, D., Hu, T., Duan, X., Shakir, I., ... and Duan, X., “Single atom electrocatalysts supported on graphene or graphene-like carbons,” Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, No. 20, 2019, pp. 5207-5241.
  •  
  • 6. Zheng, Y., Jiao, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, L. H., Han, Y., Chen, Y., ... and Qiao, S. Z., “Hydrogen evolution by a metal-free electrocatalyst,” Nature Communications, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2014, 3783.
  •  
  • 7. Zhang, J., and Dai, L., “Heteroatom-doped graphitic carbon catalysts for efficient electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction,” ACS Catalysis, Vol. 5, No. 12, 2015, pp. 7244-7253.
  •  
  • 8. Cheng, Q., Hu, C., Wang, G., Zou, Z., Yang, H., and Dai, L., “Carbon-defect-driven electroless deposition of Pt atomic clusters for highly efficient hydrogen evolution,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 142, No. 12, 2020, pp. 5594-5601.
  •  
  • 9. Jiao, Y., Zheng, Y., Davey, K., and Qiao, S. Z., “Activity origin and catalyst design principles for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution on heteroatom-doped graphene,” Nature Energy, Vol. 1, No. 10, 2016, pp. 1-9.
  •  
  • 10. Hou, Y., Qiu, M., Kim, M. G., Liu, P., Nam, G., Zhang, T., … and Feng, X., “Atomically dispersed nickel-nitrogen-sulfur species anchored on porous carbon nanosheets for efficient water oxidation,” Nature Communications, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2019, p. 1392.
  •  
  • 11. Ma, G., Ning, G., and Wei, Q., “S-doped carbon materials: Synthesis, properties and applications,” Carbon, Vol. 195, 2022, pp. 328-340.
  •  
  • 12. Zhou, J., Qi, F., Chen, Y., Wang, Z., Zheng, B., and Wang, X., “CVD-grown three-dimensional sulfur-doped graphene as a binder-free electrocatalytic electrode for highly effective and stable hydrogen evolution reaction,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 53, No. 10, 2018, pp. 7767-7777.
  •  
  • 13. Tsounis, C., Subhash, B., Kumar, P. V., Bedford, N. M., Zhao, Y., Shenoy, J., ... and Amal, R., “Pt single atom electrocatalysts at graphene edges for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution,” Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 32, No. 38, 2022, 2203067.
  •  
  • 14. Chaitoglou, S., Ma, Y., Ospina, R., Farid, G., Serafin, J., Amade Rovira, R., and Bertran-Serra, E., “Laser-induced vertical graphene nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution,” ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 7, No. 19, 2024, pp. 22631-22639.
  •  
  • 15. Li, M., Xie, P., Yu, L., Luo, L., and Sun, X., “Bubble engineering on micro-/nanostructured electrodes for water splitting,” ACS Nano, Vol. 17, No. 23, 2023, pp. 23299-23316.
  •  
  • 16. Lim, T., Seo, B. H., Kim, S. J., Han, S., Lee, W., and Suk, J. W., “Nitrogen-doped activated hollow carbon nanofibers with controlled hierarchical pore structures for high-performance, binder-free, flexible supercapacitor electrodes,” ACS Omega, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2024, pp. 8247-8254.
  •  
  • 17. Lee, H. J., Na, S. C., Lim, T., Yun, J., Megra, Y. T., Oh, J. H., and Suk, J. W., “Vertical graphene-decorated carbon nanofibers establishing robust conductive networks for fiber-based stretchable strain sensors,” Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 200, 2024, pp. 52-60.
  •  
  • 18. Lee, H. J., Seo, B. H., Lim, T., and Suk, J. W., “Double-layered cracked networks using vertical graphene grown on carbon nanofibers for highly stable stretchable strain sensors,” Surfaces and Interfaces, Vol. 63, 2025, 106316.
  •  
  • 19. Lim, T., Seo, B. H., Kim, S. J., Han, S., Lee, W., and Suk, J. W., “Nitrogen-doped activated hollow carbon nanofibers with controlled hierarchical pore structures for high-performance, binder-free, flexible supercapacitor electrodes,” ACS Omega, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2024, pp. 8247-8254.
  •  
  • 20. Ayiania, M., Smith, M., Hensley, A. J., Scudiero, L., McEwen, J. S., and Garcia-Perez, M., “Deconvoluting the XPS spectra for nitrogen-doped chars: An analysis from first principles,” Carbon, Vol. 162, 2020, pp. 528-544.
  •  
  • 21. Kim, M. I., Lim, T., Shin, S. H., and Suk, J. W., “Synthesis of 1T/2H-MoS2 nanosheets on dome-shaped CoS2 particles embedded in carbon nanofibers as free-standing electrodes for alkaline water splitting,” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2025, 106260.
  •  
  • 22. Jeong, M. H., Lim, S., Seo, B. H., and Suk, J. W., “Rapid Fabrication of Graphene Fibers and Fiber-Based Thermistors for Wearable Devices,” ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 7, No. 23, 2024, pp. 26836-26842.
  •  
  • 23. Lu, X., Yim, W. L., Suryanto, B. H., and Zhao, C., “Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution at surface-oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, No. 8, 2015, pp. 2901-2907.
  •  
  • 24. Gu, W., Sevilla, M., Magasinski, A., Fuertes, A. B., and Yushin, G., “Sulfur-containing activated carbons with greatly reduced content of bottle neck pores for double-layer capacitors: a case study for pseudocapacitance detection,” Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, No. 8, 2013, pp. 2465-2476.
  •  
  • 25. Lim, S., Park, H., Yamamoto, G., Lee, C., and Suk, J. W., “Measurements of the electrical conductivity of monolayer graphene flakes using conductive atomic force microscopy,” Nanomaterials, Vol. 11, No. 10, 2021, 2575.
  •  
  • 26. Lim, S., Kim, H. M., Kim, S. G., Kim, H., and Suk, J. W., “Highly air stable graphene p-n junctions encapsulated by atomic layer deposition for flexible and transparent wearable temperature sensors,” Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 233, 2025, pp. 104-112.
  •  
  • 27. Mou, Z., Chen, X., Du, Y., Wang, X., Yang, P., and Wang, S., “Forming mechanism of nitrogen doped graphene prepared by thermal solid-state reaction of graphite oxide and urea,” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 258, No. 5, 2011, pp. 1704-1710.
  •  
  • 28. Wang, X., Sun, G., Routh, P., Kim, D. H., Huang, W., and Chen, P., “Heteroatom-doped graphene materials: syntheses, properties and applications,” Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 43, No. 20, 2014, pp. 7067-7098.
  •  
  • 29. Askins, E. J., Zoric, M. R., Li, M., Luo, Z., Amine, K., and Glusac, K. D., “Toward a mechanistic understanding of electrocatalytic nanocarbon,” Nature Communications, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2021, 3288.
  •  
  • 30. Zhu, J., Hu, L., Zhao, P., Lee, L. Y. S., and Wong, K. Y., “Recent advances in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution using nanoparticles,” Chemical Reviews, Vol. 120, No. 2, 2019, pp. 851-918.
  •  

This Article

Correspondence to

  • Ji Won Suk

  • School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Smart Fab. Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University

  • E-mail: jwsuk@skku.edu